Unless the study involved an experiment or quasi-experiment, all of the following words should be avoided in the title, EXCEPT:

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

All of the options except for D relate to the effects or outcomes of a study, which implies causality. However, without an experimental design, causality cannot be inferred. Therefore, it is best to avoid using these terms in the title. Intransigence is not related to causality and does not imply a specific research design or results, so it is okay to include in a title.

Unless the Study Involved an Experiment or Quasi-Experiment, All of the Following