A voluntary export restraint (VER) is a bilateral agreement and therefore has no impact on trade with a third nation.

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A voluntary export restraint (VER) is a trade barrier imposed by an exporting country on its exports intended for another country, usually the importer's main trading partner. As such, it can have a significant impact on trade with third nations, as the exporting country may redirect exports that would have otherwise gone to third nations towards the country with the VER.

A Voluntary Export Restraint (VER) Is a Bilateral Agreement and Therefore