How do the different constitutive states of the µ-receptor affect different pain signaling pathways, specifically the beta arrestin protein signaling pathway and G-protein mediated signaling? What were the results of studies on these pain signaling pathways in mice and humans?

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The Answer of How do the different constitutive states of the µ-receptor affect different pain signaling pathways, specifically the beta arrestin protein signaling pathway and G-protein mediated signaling? What were the results of studies on these pain signaling pathways in mice and humans?

How Do the Different Constitutive States of the µ-Receptor Affect