The conflict pattern that is most damaging to relationships and to self-esteem is ________, in which partners trade increasingly louder verbal abuse, including inappropriate, unrelated personal criticism, name-calling, swearing, and sarcasm.

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Mutual hostility is the conflict pattern in which partners trade increasingly louder verbal abuse, including inappropriate, unrelated personal criticism, name-calling, swearing, and sarcasm. This pattern is damaging to relationships and self-esteem as it creates a hostile and negative environment that fosters resentment and a lack of respect between partners. It can lead to feelings of hopelessness and despair and can ultimately lead to the breakdown of the relationship.

The Conflict Pattern That Is Most Damaging to Relationships and to Self-Esteem