The four recurrent themes that exist among a representative sampling of gang definitions are 1) self-recognition 2) perception and labeling by the community 3) delinquent or criminal acts 4) __________________

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The fourth recurrent theme among gang definitions is the actual or willingness to use violence and force. This is often tied to the group's hierarchy and reputation, as well as their involvement in criminal activities. The use of violence and force is seen as a way to protect the gang's territory, members, or criminal enterprises, and is often a key feature of their identity.

The Four Recurrent Themes That Exist Among a Representative Sampling