In infants who have experienced birth trauma,

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Birth trauma can disrupt the development of the sleep-wake cycle, leading to disturbed REM-NREM (rapid eye movement-non-rapid eye movement) sleep cycles. Infants with birth trauma may experience more frequent awakenings during sleep and shorter sleep duration compared to healthy infants. They may also exhibit more variability in their sleep patterns, including changes in sleep stage duration and transitions between stages. However, sleep behavior remains organized and patterned, and there is no evidence that REM sleep is filled with vivid dreams. The sleep-wake cycle is also affected more by fullness-hunger than by darkness-light at this age.

In Infants Who Have Experienced Birth Trauma