Which of the following can be considered antecedents of psychoanalysis?

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Psychoanalysis, as developed by Sigmund Freud, has roots in various historical and medical practices. Mesmer and Charcot's work with hypnosis directly influenced Freud's ideas about the unconscious. The Malleus Maleficarum, while not a direct influence, reflects early attempts to understand and categorize abnormal behavior, which psychoanalysis later sought to explain in psychological terms. Pinel's medical approach to psychopathology laid the groundwork for viewing mental illness through a clinical lens, a perspective crucial to psychoanalytic theory. Therefore, all these options can be considered antecedents of psychoanalysis.

Which of the Following Can Be Considered Antecedents of Psychoanalysis