Studies of adopted children who spent their first year or more in deprived Eastern European orphanages indicate that

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Studies have shown that fully normal emotional development in children depends on establishing a close tie with a caregiver early in life. This is particularly true for children who experienced severe deprivation in Eastern European orphanages, where many lacked interactive, nurturing caregiving. Even though these children were ultimately adopted by caring families, many struggle with emotional and social problems throughout their lives due to a lack of early attachment. Late adoptees may experience additional challenges in bonding with their adoptive parents, but the key factor is establishing a close tie with a caregiver during the critical early years of development.

Studies of Adopted Children Who Spent Their First Year or More