Kelling and Stewart (1989) maintain all of the following shape a community's defense against crime and disorder EXCEPT:
A) Community self-defense is primarily a matter of public professional policing.
B) Police tactics must be tailored to specific neighborhoods.
C) Tailoring tactics to neighborhoods will require decentralization of police authority.
D) tactical decision making at lower levels of the police organization.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

According to Kelling and Stewart (1989), community self-defense against crime and disorder requires not only public professional policing, but also tailoring police tactics to specific neighborhoods, decentralization of police authority to allow for neighborhood-specific decision making, and tactical decision making at lower levels of the police organization. Therefore, choice A is incorrect because it states that community self-defense is primarily a matter of public professional policing, which does not address the other factors identified by Kelling and Stewart.

Kelling and Stewart (1989) Maintain All of the Following Shape