Tasks showing that children under 4 years old can understand false beliefs (e.g. Onishi & Baillargeon, 2005) have relied on which measure?

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Tasks showing that children under 4 years old can understand false beliefs have relied on measuring their looking times, specifically how long they look at unexpected events that violate someone's false belief. For example, in Onishi and Baillargeon's experiment, infants watched a puppet show where a character put a toy in a box and then left the room. Another character then moved the toy from the box to a different location. When the original character returned, infants who looked longer at the puppet's surprised reaction to the empty box showed evidence of understanding the false belief that the toy was still in the box.

Tasks Showing That Children Under 4 Years Old Can Understand