James has found that whenever he talks back to a school bully, the bully leaves him alone, but when he ignores the bully, the bully attacks him. Talking back to the bully would be an example of:

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Active avoidance is a behavior that involves taking action to avoid an aversive situation or stimulus, such as talking back to a bully to prevent them from attacking again. The other options do not fit with James' behavior in this scenario. Two-process theory suggests that phobias are learned through classical and operant conditioning, punishment involves adding an aversive stimulus to decrease a behavior (which is not what James is doing), and passive avoidance involves not taking action to avoid an aversive stimulus or situation.

James Has Found That Whenever He Talks Back to a School