Tolman's theory placed a heavy emphasis on the value of the outcome produced by an instrumental behavior.

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Tolman's theory of learning placed emphasis on the value of the outcome or goal that is produced by an instrumental behavior. He believed that organisms learn not just through trial and error, but also by forming cognitive maps of the environment and using these maps to guide their behavior towards a particular goal or outcome.

Tolman's Theory Placed a Heavy Emphasis on the Value of the Outcome