Impact on Youth stated that in a study of 12- and 13-year-old gymnasts, some of the gymnasts found setting their own goals more effective, whereas others found that coach-set goals were more effective. What seemed to be the deciding factor between the two groups?

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The deciding factor between gymnasts who found coach-set goals more effective and those who found setting their own goals more effective was their locus of control. Locus of control refers to an individual's beliefs about the causes of their experiences and outcomes. Those with an external locus of control believe that external factors, such as luck or the actions of others, are responsible for their outcomes, while those with an internal locus of control believe that their own actions and effort are responsible for their outcomes. The study found that gymnasts with an external locus of control were more likely to find coach-set goals more effective, while gymnasts with an internal locus of control were more likely to find setting their own goals more effective.

Impact on Youth Stated That in a Study of 12-