The tendency for goalies to move during penalty kicks, and ________________, are examples of how athletes and those involved in athletics tend to prefer to act, even when the action may not lead to a better outcome.

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The tendency for goalies to move during penalty kicks is an example of the action bias, which is the preference for action over inaction, in situations where either doing nothing or doing less would actually lead to a better outcome. Firing coaches and punting on the fourth down are strategic decisions that can sometimes be justified, so they are not necessarily examples of the action bias. The attribution of success to experience and luck by female and male athletes is a separate issue that is not directly related to the action bias.

The Tendency for Goalies to Move During Penalty Kicks, and ________________