Prior to the very late 1700s in Europe, and so according to Linnaeus's scheme, differences between what later became seen as 'races' were:

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Prior to the very late 1700s in Europe, differences between what later became seen as 'races' were fit into pre-existing conceptual models of personality or character (temperament), mapped onto the cardinal directions (north, south, east, and west), and linked with the four most basic colors recognized (red, white, black, and yellow). However, they were not ranked hierarchically until later racial theories emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Prior to the Very Late 1700s in Europe, and So