The human traits that have most often been cited as indicators of 'race' are 'nonconcordant,' meaning that:

Question

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Nonconcordant traits are traits that do not co-occur in stable patterns within racial populations, meaning that they are not reliable indicators of 'race.' Phenotypic traits (A) are physical characteristics, while nonconcordant traits may or may not be phenotypic. Choice (B) is incorrect because nonconcordant traits do not always appear in particular groupings or patterns. Nonconcordant traits may be expressions of multiple genes (D), but this is not what defines them as nonconcordant. Finally, while there may be disagreements over which traits are associated with which races, the fact that nonconcordant traits do not reliably co-occur within racial populations is what makes them nonconcordant, regardless of any disagreements over which traits are associated with which races (E).

The Human Traits That Have Most Often Been Cited as Indicators