Violence, hardship, or the threat of these can also displace people within or across state borders in search of asylum, or a place of safety. This is called

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Involuntary migration refers to the forced displacement of individuals due to violence, hardship, or the threat of these. This can occur within or across state borders, with individuals seeking asylum or a place of safety. Option A, voluntary immigration, suggests a choice to move and does not encompass the element of force or threat. Option C, persecution, may be a factor in causing displacement but does not capture the full range of potential causes. Option D, forced relocation, specifically refers to government-led efforts to move individuals or communities, which may not always be the cause of displacement.

Violence, Hardship, or the Threat of These Can Also Displace