Is Federalism a Useful Tool for Reducing Ethnic Conflict

Is federalism a useful tool for reducing ethnic conflict?

A) Yes. Political decentralization reduces ethnic conflict by increasing opportunities to participate in government and by giving groups discretion over their political, social, and economic affairs.
B) No. Political decentralization strengthens regionally based ethnic identities and strengthens, rather than weakens, ethnic divisions.
C) It depends. Political decentralization reduces ethnic conflict when regional parties are weak but it increases ethnic conflict when they are strong.