Political scientists tend to view federalism (de jure federalism) as a constitutional issue but decentralization (de facto federalism) as a budgetary one.

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Federalism is understood as a constitutional arrangement where powers are divided between different levels of government, typically national and subnational entities. Decentralization, on the other hand, often refers to the transfer of administrative, fiscal, and political responsibilities to lower levels of government, making it more of a budgetary and administrative issue rather than a purely constitutional one.

Political Scientists Tend to View Federalism (De Jure Federalism) as a Constitutional