All of the following dictators are examples of personalist dictators EXCEPT:
A) Alberto Fujimori (Peru).
B) Kim Jong-il (North Korea).
C) Saparmurat Niyazov (Turkmenistan).
D) Muammar al-Qaddafi (Libya).

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Alberto Fujimori is considered a hybrid dictator rather than a purely personalist dictator because his regime in Peru combined elements of personalist rule with aspects of electoral democracy and institutional mechanisms. Personalist dictatorships, like those led by Kim Jong-il, Saparmurat Niyazov, and Muammar al-Qaddafi, are characterized by the concentration of power in the hands of a single individual who often relies on a cult of personality, with little to no institutional constraints on their power.

All of the Following Dictators Are Examples of Personalist Dictators