Refer to Box 2.2 in the text. The reasoning from scientific theory to testable hypotheses should be _______; the reasoning from data to empirical patterns should be _______.
A) deductively valid; deductively valid
B) inductively sound; deductively valid
C) deductively valid; inductively sound
D) inductively sound; inductively sound

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The reasoning from scientific theory to testable hypotheses should be deductively valid because it involves drawing conclusions based on logic and reasoning from existing scientific knowledge. On the other hand, the reasoning from data to empirical patterns should be inductively sound because it involves making generalizations and forming hypotheses based on observations and patterns in the data. Therefore, choice C is the best answer as it correctly describes the two types of reasoning involved in scientific research.