Locke says, "since consciousness always accompanies thinking, and it is that which makes every one to be what he calls self, and thereby distinguishes himself from all other thinking things, in this alone consists abstract entities, i.e. the sameness of a rational being."

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John Locke argues that personal identity (or the self) is founded on consciousness (viz. memory), and not on the substance of either the soul or the body. He does not claim that abstract entities consist solely in the sameness of a rational being.

Locke Says, "Since Consciousness Always Accompanies Thinking, and It Is