The kind of knowledge that is based on reason, and is independent of anything existing in the world is relations of ideas.

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Relations of ideas are mathematical and logical truths that can be determined through reason alone, without the need for empirical evidence from the world. Examples include the statement "all bachelors are unmarried" and mathematical equations such as 2+2=4. This type of knowledge is different from matters of fact, which are based on empirical observations of the world.

The Kind of Knowledge That Is Based on Reason, and Is