Hawley says that "Scientific ________, as I shall understand it here, is the view that there are cases where the involvement of a claim about an unobservable entity in an empirically successful scientific theory provides reason to think that the claim is true."

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Hawley is defining scientific realism, which holds that unobservable entities posited by scientific theories are likely to exist in reality, as they provide explanatory power for empirically successful scientific theories. Scientific skepticism would doubt the existence of unobservable entities, while scientific idealism and relativism hold different views on the nature of reality and knowledge.

Hawley Says That "Scientific ________, as I Shall Understand It