refer to the following formula:
∼(∀x){(Ix • Jx) ⊃ [Kx ≡ (La • Lb)]}
-Which wffs below are not in the scope of '(∀x)'?
A) Lb
B) La
C) La • Lb
D) Kx ≡ (La • Lb)
E) None of the above.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The scope of '(∀x)' includes everything within the brackets that follow it, which encompasses all the wffs listed, including 'La', 'Lb', and 'Kx ≡ (La • Lb)'. The symbols 'La' and 'Lb' are not directly affected by the quantifier since they do not depend on 'x', but they are within the logical scope defined by the quantifier's brackets.

Refer to the Following Formula