Spelke has argued that infants are born with a small set of distinct systems of knowledge that have been shaped by natural selection over evolution on which new and flexible skills and knowledge systems (such as reading and arithmetic) are later built. She refers to this as

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Spelke's theory proposes that infants have innate and domain-specific knowledge systems (such as object permanence or numerical concepts) that serve as a foundation for later learning and development. She refers to these systems as "core knowledge." The other answer options are not directly related to Spelke's theory.

Spelke Has Argued That Infants Are Born with a Small