The Andean marketplace cholas validate one argument of mid-century theorists of mestizaje: that urbanization would erode indigenous languages and customs and help people of indigenous descent assimilate into Europeanized mestizo national culture.

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The Andean marketplace cholas demonstrate the opposite of the mid-century theory of mestizaje. They show that indigenous languages and customs can exist and persist in urban areas and that indigenous people can assert their identity and resist assimilation into a Europeanized mestizo culture.

The Andean Marketplace Cholas Validate One Argument of Mid-Century Theorists