Knowledgeable observers almost universally agree that the division of human beings into groups-tribes, nations, and so forth-moderates violent behaviour towards outsiders because peaceful behaviour is more socially desirable.

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Knowledgeable observers often argue that the division of human beings into distinct groups such as tribes and nations can actually exacerbate violent behavior towards outsiders, as it fosters an "us vs. them" mentality, leading to conflict and aggression rather than moderation of violence.

Knowledgeable Observers Almost Universally Agree That the Division of Human