A testing confound exists when, in addition to any effects of the independent variable,
A) participants' past experiences affect their response to the dependent variable.
B) taking a pretest affects participants' scores on the posttest.
C) an event occurs outside the research situation that affects participants' responses on the dependent variable.
D) participants' scores on a measure change over time as a result of natural aging processes.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

A testing confound occurs when the act of taking a test affects how participants score on subsequent tests, as described in option B. This can happen if, for example, taking a pretest influences how participants respond on a posttest, perhaps by making them more familiar with the test material or format.

A Testing Confound Exists When, in Addition to Any Effects