No research study can ever be perfectly designed because
A) most researchers are not sufficiently competent in designing research.
B) ethical rules limit the ways in which researchers can design their studies.
C) the availability of funding limits the ways in which researchers can design their studies.
D) any research design is a result of trade-offs among desirable characteristics.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Any research design involves trade-offs among desirable characteristics. For example, a randomized controlled trial may have excellent internal validity but may be expensive or difficult to implement in the real world. On the other hand, an observational study may have better external validity but may be subject to confounding variables. Thus, researchers must carefully consider the trade-offs and make choices based on their research questions, available resources, and ethical considerations. While ethical rules and funding availability may also influence research design, they are not the primary reason why no research study can be perfectly designed.

No Research Study Can Ever Be Perfectly Designed Because