Researchers who use meta-analysis as a technique for integrating the results of studies must make a number of subjective judgments. These include which of the following?

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All of the above are subjective judgments that researchers must make when conducting a meta-analysis. Defining the scope of the literature review involves making decisions about what types of studies will be included and excluded. Establishing criteria for deciding which studies to include involves making decisions about factors such as study design, sample size, and publication status. Interpreting the meaning of the results of the review involves making judgments about the size and significance of the effects observed, as well as considering potential sources of bias or limitations in the included studies.

Researchers Who Use Meta-Analysis as a Technique for Integrating the Results