The problems of modernization theory derive from problems stemming from its roots in…

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Modernization theory is rooted in structural functionalism and evolutionary theory, which have been criticized for their ahistorical and teleological assumptions. These assumptions lead modernization theory to see Westernization and economic development as the inevitable and necessary path for all societies, without taking into account the historical and cultural specificities of each society. Dependency theory and world system theory challenge this view and argue that the development of some countries is dependent on the underdevelopment of others, and that the global economic system perpetuates inequalities rather than promoting universal development. Urban political economy and the new urban sociology offer alternative perspectives on urban development that emphasize the role of power, conflict, and social constructions in shaping urban realities.

The Problems of Modernization Theory Derive from Problems Stemming from Its