House and Senate party leaders have few punishments at their command to convince members to vote with their party, so they tend to rely more on ______.

Question

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House and Senate party leaders do not have the power to expel members from their party or from the caucus, and threats can often alienate members. Instead, they rely more on offering incentives to convince members to vote with the party, such as committee assignments, support for reelection, or campaign contributions. Patronage may also be used but has become less prevalent in recent years.

House and Senate Party Leaders Have Few Punishments at Their