What distinguishes Iran from Egypt and the Ottoman Empire, despite their similar historical trends-particularly, becoming exporters of raw materials and giving concessions to both Britain and Russia?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Iran, unlike Egypt and the Ottoman Empire, did not undergo European-style military reforms, did not broadly invest in establishing European-style education institutions, and did not experience the kind of governmental centralization that would have limited the powers of its independent religious establishment. These factors distinguish Iran's historical trajectory from that of Egypt and the Ottoman Empire.

What Distinguishes Iran from Egypt and the Ottoman Empire, Despite