In an experiment with two conditions, if participants participate in only one condition (to which they are randomly allocated), this design is called:

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In an independent measures design, participants are randomly allocated to one condition and participate in that condition only. Therefore, this is the best choice for the given scenario. Repeated measures and paired-measures designs both involve participants participating in both conditions, matched pairs involves pre-selecting pairs of participants who are matched on relevant variables and then randomly assigning each member of the pair to a different condition, and two-tailed refers to a type of hypothesis test. None of these options fit the scenario described.

In an Experiment with Two Conditions, If Participants Participate in Only