Internal Validity Is High When a Researcher Can Conclude with Certainty

Internal validity is high when a researcher can conclude with certainty that:

A) an independent variable causes a dependent variable
B) results generalize from the study sample to a target population
C) the results of a study apply across social categories (e.g., males/females, racial/ethnic
D) minorities/Whites, working-/middle-class individuals)
E) the results of a study are consistent with the results of prior research on a particular
F) topic
G) both b and c