Which of the following has been the primary culprit that explains mass incarceration?

Question

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The drug war, which began in the 1980s, has been cited as the primary cause of mass incarceration. The "tough on crime" policies and mandatory minimum sentencing laws that were a part of the drug war led to a steep increase in the number of people incarcerated for nonviolent drug offenses. This disproportionately affected communities of color and has been criticized for perpetuating systemic racism in the criminal justice system.

Which of the Following Has Been the Primary Culprit That