In Gitlow v. New York, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the guarantees of freedom of speech apply to actions taken by all governments.

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In the landmark case Gitlow v. New York, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the guarantees of freedom of speech and press contained in the First Amendment are fundamental rights and are protected against state infringement by the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This ruling established that the protections of the Bill of Rights apply not only to actions taken by the federal government, but also to actions taken by state and local governments.

In Gitlow V