If an ecosystem is characterized by wide-ranging interrelationships among a large number of species, then

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Ecosystems with wide-ranging interrelationships among a large number of species tend to be more resilient because they have more redundancy in functional roles, meaning the loss of one species can often be compensated for by others. This complexity also suggests that the ecosystem is mature, possibly near its climax stage, where the community structure is stable and processes are in dynamic equilibrium, including interactions with the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere through material cycles.

If an Ecosystem Is Characterized by Wide-Ranging Interrelationships Among a Large