Male frogs seeking mates vocalize among birds, insects, and the chorus of other species of frogs. That females are able to locate male frogs of their species among all the ambient noise provides an example of the _______ effect.

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The situation described in the passage, where females are able to differentiate and locate male frogs of their species among all the ambient noise, is an example of the cocktail party effect. This refers to the ability of individuals to focus their attention on a specific stimulus, in this case, the specific vocalizations of the male frogs. The term "cocktail party effect" comes from the ability of individuals to focus their attention on a particular conversation in a noisy room, much like picking out the voice of a specific person at a cocktail party.

Male Frogs Seeking Mates Vocalize Among Birds, Insects, and the Chorus