Two hours before major surgery is to begin, the patient experiences "jitters," an elevated heart rate and blood pressure.These symptoms are the result of
A) sympathetic activation.
B) decreased levels of epinephrine in the blood.
C) decreased activity of sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus.
D) increased parasympathetic activity.
E) All of these mechanisms.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The symptoms described (jitters, elevated heart rate and blood pressure) are typical signs of sympathetic activation. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which increases heart rate and blood pressure to prepare the body for potential danger. In this case, the patient may be experiencing anxiety about the surgery, triggering the sympathetic response. The other choices are not likely to be contributing factors in this scenario.

Two Hours Before Major Surgery Is to Begin, the Patient