Marx and Engels argued that a society's ideological superstructure - including punishment - will tend to reflect the class interests of the economic base. The primary function of punishment, therefore, is the maintenance of the social order.

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Marx and Engels believed that society's ideology, including punishment, would reflect the interests of the ruling class and that punishment was primarily a tool for maintaining social control and order.

Marx and Engels Argued That a Society's Ideological Superstructure -