When a small part of a population with a unique phenotypical characteristic migrates to a new location and begins to reproduce separately as a new, distinct group, what is this process called?

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The process described is known as the founder effect, where a small group of individuals with a unique genetic makeup migrates to a new location and becomes isolated, resulting in a new and distinct population. Gene flow typically involves the movement of genes between populations, gene migration is not a commonly used term, and genetic mutation contributes to genetic variation but is not specific to this process.

When a Small Part of a Population with a Unique