A Saint Bernard and a Chihuahua are of the same species but look very different. It is possible to breed the two and get a puppy that might look like something else entirely but still be a dog. The study of dogs might be of interest to an anthropologist because it:

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The study of dogs can provide insights into the relationship between genotype and phenotype because, despite being of the same species, different dog breeds have vastly different physical characteristics. By studying the genetic makeup of different dog breeds and how those genes are expressed in various physical traits, anthropologists can better understand this relationship.

A Saint Bernard and a Chihuahua Are of the Same