Why Does System Participation Often Represent the "Second Insult" for Crime

Why does system participation often represent the "second insult" for crime victims?

A) victims are often dismissed as unimportant or unnecessary contributors to the case
B) victims do not receive consideration, whether by being notified of plea agreements, hearings being held, or even being compensated for the time taken away from work, home, and their families
C) victims get treated as instigators by defense attorneys in court proceedings
D) because many victimization incidents are victim-precipitated
E) all of the above form part of the "second insult" for crime victims