What were the liberals' two major agendas for reform that Cullen and Gilbert argue have been substantially discredited?

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Cullen and Gilbert argue that the liberals' two major agendas for reform, state-enforced rehabilitation and the justice model, have been substantially discredited. They argue that state-enforced rehabilitation failed to achieve its goals and the justice model was based on flawed assumptions about human behavior and ignores societal factors that contribute to crime.

What Were the Liberals' Two Major Agendas for Reform That