In the case of raw material exporters, statistical results consistently show that expanding trade reduces economic growth. This finding is referred to as:

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The natural resource curse, also known as the resource curse, refers to the paradox that countries with an abundance of natural resources, such as fossil fuels and certain minerals, tend to have less economic growth, less democracy, and worse development outcomes than countries with fewer natural resources. This is because reliance on natural resource exports can lead to a range of economic and social problems, including a lack of diversification, corruption, and conflict.

In the Case of Raw Material Exporters, Statistical Results Consistently