After the 1982 Default on Their Foreign Debts by Over

After the 1982 default on their foreign debts by over 40 developing countries:

A) the problem debtors were eventually able to use the secondary market to refinance their loans.
B) the creditors refused to accept writing off any debt, and ultimately debtors were forced to repay their entire debt.
C) the debtor nations suffered severe economic recessions that lasted for much of the 1980s and beyond.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.