In his research, Ouchi analysed the cultures of three groups of companies: typical Ameri-can, typical Japanese, and type Z American. According to Ouchi, decision making is:

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Ouchi's research highlighted that in typical Japanese organizations, decision making tends to be a group activity, reflecting a collective approach, whereas in typical American organizations, it is more often an individual activity, showcasing a more individualistic culture. Type Z American organizations, as described by Ouchi, blend these approaches but the distinction between typical American and Japanese decision-making styles is clear in his work.

In His Research, Ouchi Analysed the Cultures of Three Groups