Should Journalists Have to Ask Permission to Use Photos or Videos

Should journalists have to ask permission to use photos or videos they find online when using them for news purposes? If they do use them without permission, what attribution or credit should be given? Consider this from the perspective of 1. a journalist trying to deliver news to the audience; 2. a journalist who has taken the photos or the videos that others may be using for news purposes; 3. a person who may have posted it on social media without intending it to be used for news purposes.